Safety data sheet

Safety data sheet (Safety Data Sheet, abbreviated SDS) is a fundamental document used for the safe handling of chemical substances and mixtures. It contains information on hazards, health protection, transport and disposal. European legislation requires it from all those who manufacture, import or place chemicals on the market.

Safety data sheets are also used as a basis for the notification of hazardous mixtures to poison centres in PCN format in accordance with Annex VIII of the CLP Regulation.

Who uses the Safety data sheet

Companies in the supply chain

so that they can correctly classify and label products, communicate information on hazards and ensure their safe use

Poison centres and healthcare professionals

so that in case of contact with a substance they can quickly provide professional first aid

Regulatory authorities

so that they can verify whether everything complies with chemical and safety legislation

Fire and rescue services

so that in the event of accidents, substance releases or fires they know what they are dealing with

Transport companies

so that they know how to properly handle, package and transport the product

Laboratories and consulting companies

so that they can professionally assess the properties of the product and verify that it meets legal requirements

What legal requirements apply to the Safety data sheet

Safety data sheets (SDS) are governed by the REACH Regulation (EC No 1907/2006). The content and structure of the Safety data sheet are defined in Annex II to this Regulation. It is based on the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).

Throughout the EU, Safety data sheets have a uniform format and contain 16 mandatory sections – for example hazard classification, first aid measures or storage guidelines. As a result, they are clear and easy to use in practice.

Language, availability and updates of the Safety data sheet (SDS)

Availability and responsibility

The SDS is provided free of charge at the latest upon the first delivery of the product. The supplier is responsible for the accuracy and up-to-date status of the Safety data sheet.

Form and updates

When preparing the document, Regulation (EU) 2020/878 is followed, which has been binding since 1 January 2023. In the event of changes to important information, an immediate update is required.

Language of the SDS

The SDS must be prepared in the official language of the country where the product is sold. It must also contain information applicable to the given country, e.g. a poison centre.

For which products is a Safety data sheet required

The obligation to provide a Safety data sheet depends on the composition and classification of the substance or mixture. A Safety data sheet is always required for the following groups of substances and mixtures:

  • hazardous substances or mixtures classified in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP),
  • substances meeting the criteria for persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) in accordance with Annex XIII to REACH,
  • substances included in the list of substances subject to authorisation in accordance with Annex XIV to REACH.

If the mixture is not hazardous but contains a proportion of hazardous components specified by the Regulation, a Safety data sheet is provided on request. This applies to products that contain:

  • substances hazardous to human health or with physical hazards at a concentration ≥ 1% (for gases ≥ 0.2%),
  • a substance at a concentration ≥ 0.1% in liquid and solid mixtures, if it is carcinogenic, toxic for reproduction, sensitising or belongs to PBT or vPvB substances,
  • a substance for which occupational exposure limits apply.

For some groups of products, you do not need to prepare a Safety data sheet. This mainly concerns articles and products that are governed by other legal regulations, for example:

Articles that do not release hazardous substances

Medicinal products for human and veterinary use

Cosmetic products

Medical devices

Food and feed

Radioactive substances

Intermediates that are not placed on the market

Although legislation does not explicitly require it, in practice companies often prepare a Safety data sheet for these products as well. This helps them meet customer requirements, export goods outside the EU and clearly describe safe handling.

Who is responsible for the Safety data sheet and who prepares it

Everyone who is part of the supply chain is responsible for the accuracy and up-to-dateness of the Safety data sheet. It does not matter who prepared the document. Full legal responsibility for the substance or mixture lies with the person who places it on the market.

The Safety data sheet must be prepared by a qualified person. This person should be familiar with chemical legislation, have experience in toxicology, ecology and occupational health and safety, or have completed appropriate professional training.

The REACH legislation does not specify exactly who a “qualified person” is. In practice, however, it is understood to mean an individual or a team with the necessary experience and professional expertise in the relevant field.

In some cases, however, you also need to be familiar with additional regulations. This applies, for example, to the following products and substances:

  • Explosives
  • Biocidal products
  • Plant protection products
  • Detergents
  • Electronic cigarette refills

When and why to update the Safety data sheet

Change in product composition

Change in the composition or physicochemical properties of substances.

Change in hazard information

New or updated classification, toxicological or ecotoxicological data.

Change in legislation

New or updated legislative requirements.

Change of status under REACH

Restriction of use (Annex XVII) or inclusion in the authorisation regime (Annex XIV).

Request from a customer or a supervisory authority

Request for the current version of the Safety data sheet due to ambiguity or discrepancy.

Frequently asked questions about the Safety data sheet (10 + 1)

You must provide a Safety data sheet for a product if it is a substance or a mixture classified as hazardous under the CLP Regulation. You must also provide it if the product contains PBT or vPvB substances or substances included on the list of authorised substances under the REACH Regulation. For certain mixtures that are not classified as hazardous, you are not required to provide a Safety data sheet automatically. However, if the customer requests it, you must supply it.

A Safety data sheet is not mandatory for medicinal products, cosmetics, foodstuffs, animal feed or for finished articles such as plastic parts or furniture. In practice, however, a Safety Data Sheet is sometimes provided voluntarily for these products, for example at the request of customers.

Yes. If you resell a substance or a mixture and place it on the market, you must ensure that an up-to-date and correct Safety data sheet is available. This obligation applies to anyone who is part of the supply chain.

A Safety data sheet contains clear information about the properties of a substance or mixture and how to handle it safely. It includes, for example, information on hazards, composition, health protection, first aid, storage, transport or waste management. The structure of the Safety data sheet is defined by legislation – it must contain 16 sections in accordance with Annex II of the REACH Regulation.

A Safety data sheet must be provided in the official language of the state in which the product is placed on the market. For example, in the Czech Republic, the Safety Data Sheet must be in Czech.

A Safety data sheet must be prepared by a competent person. This means someone who is familiar with chemical legislation, understands the risks of chemical substances and has experience in occupational safety or toxicology.

A Safety data sheet must be updated whenever new information becomes available that may affect its content. This typically includes, for example, a change in the classification of the substances contained, new toxicological data, the granting or refusal of an authorisation, or a change in formal requirements. The updated Safety data sheet must be provided free of charge to all customers who have received the product within the last 12 months.

First, verify whether there is an obligation to provide a Safety data sheet for the product. This applies, for example, to hazardous substances or mixtures. If such an obligation applies, request the Safety data sheet from the supplier. Failure to provide a Safety data sheet in these cases constitutes a breach of legal requirements. If a Safety data sheet is not required, the supplier must at least provide you with basic information in accordance with Article 32 of the REACH Regulation.

No, a Safety data sheet does not have to be printed at the workplace. It may also be stored electronically, but it must be easily accessible at any time to employees and supervisory authorities.

No, the obligation to have a Safety data sheet arises from European legislation and applies to the placing of substances and mixtures on the market in the EU. If you manufacture products exclusively for export outside the EU, the European obligation does not apply to them. However, many third countries have their own requirements for safety documentation, so for export purposes it is usually recommended to prepare a Safety data sheet in accordance with the rules of the destination state.

It depends on how you handle the product.
If you purchase the product and do not modify it in any way, you do not need any additional documentation to prepare a Safety data sheet. You use the supplier’s Safety data sheet or, where necessary, its translation if it is not available in the required language.
If you repackage the product or change its label, you base your work on the supplier’s Safety data sheet, which must be adapted accordingly.
When manufacturing your own product, you must rely on the formulation and on the Safety data sheets for all substances or mixtures used. On this basis, you then prepare a Safety data sheet for the final product.

What must the Safety data sheet contain

Safety data sheet consists of 16 sections. Their titles can be found in Annex II, Part B of the REACH Regulation.

SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking

1.1 Product identifier

1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against

1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

1.4 Emergency telephone number

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

2.2 Label elements

2.3 Other hazards

SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients

3.1 Substances

3.2 Mixtures

SECTION 4: First aid measures

4.1 Description of first aid measures

4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed

4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

SECTION 5: Firefighting measures

5.1 Extinguishing media

5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture

5.3 Advice for firefighters

SECTION 6: Accidental release measures

6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

6.2 Environmental precautions

6.3 Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

6.4 Reference to other sections

SECTION 7: Handling and storage

7.1 Precautions for safe handling

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

7.3 Specific end use(s)

SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection

8.1 Control parameters

8.2 Exposure controls

SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties

9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical properties

9.2 Other information

SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity

10.1 Reactivity

10.2 Chemical stability

10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions

10.4 Conditions to avoid

10.5 Incompatible materials

10.6 Hazardous decomposition products

SECTION 11: Toxicological information

11.1 Information on hazard classes as defined in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008

11.2 Information on other hazards

SECTION 12: Ecological information

12.1 Toxicity

12.2 Persistence and degradability

12.3 Bioaccumulative potential

12.4 Mobility in soil

12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment

12.6 Endocrine disrupting properties

12.7 Other adverse effects

SECTION 13: Disposal considerations

13.1 Waste treatment methods

SECTION 14: Transport information

14.1 UN number or ID number

14.2 UN proper shipping name

14.3 Transport hazard class(es)

14.4 Packing group

14.5 Environmental hazards

14.6 Special precautions for user

14.7 Maritime transport in bulk according to IMO instruments

SECTION 15: Regulatory information

15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture

15.2 Chemical safety assessment

SECTION 16: Other information

Would you like to see what a Safety data sheet looks like in practice?

View a sample Safety data sheet (SDS). The sample document will help you understand how a Safety data sheet is structured and what information you can find in the individual sections.

SDS samples for download

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